渠道衬砌混凝土板预制加工工艺研究与实践

渠道衬砌是目前我国实施节水灌溉的一种重要工程措施,预制混凝土板是渠道衬砌的主要材料之一,其质量的好坏对衬砌工程质量具有重要影响.结合多年来的工作实践,介绍了渠道衬砌混凝土板预制加工制作工艺,针对衬砌混凝土板预制过程中常见的质量问题进行了分析,提出了提高质量的具体措施.     

利用嵌固板理论计算隧洞衬砌施工期温度应力

阐述了嵌固板温度应力计算原理。利用嵌固板理论计算了三峡水利枢纽永久船闸输水系统隧洞衬砌NY9、NY10结构段的温度应力，并与实测结果进行了对比分析。结果表明，只要满足基本条件，利用嵌固板理论计算隧洞衬砌施工期温度应力并进而制定温控措施是可行的。     

果子狸消化管的形态学研究

本文对果子狸消化管的组织结构研究,报道了果子狸的胃、食道和大肠的形态特征。     

Investigation into intraoral approach for nerve block injection at the mental foramen in the horse

Invasive dental procedures performed in the standing, sedated horse are facilitated by local and regional anaesthesia. The traditional transcutaneous approach to the mental foramen is used to desensitise the incisive region including the mandibular incisors, but is not well tolerated by many sedated patients. In this study, a new, intraoral needle insertion technique for nerve block at the mental foramen was investigated. In 15 equine cadaver heads and two live horses, computed tomography (CT) was used to verify Tuohy needle placement into each mental foramen using an intraoral technique. Varying volumes of contrast medium (3, 6, 10 mL) were injected into the mandibular canal with and without digital occlusion of the mental foramen. The distance of retrograde flow was measured. Additionally, measurements were taken to determine the position of the mental foramen within the interdental space. Correct placement of Tuohy needles and injection of contrast medium into the mandibular canal using an intraoral approach at the mental foramen was achieved in all injections. Retrograde flow of contrast medium was accomplished with all volumes, regardless of occlusion. Although not statistically significant, the 10 mL group appeared to have a greater distance of flow. The needle insertion technique described here appears to be a potential alternative to traditional transcutaneous approaches to mental nerve block for procedures involving the incisive region. In addition, it was found that 79% of the mandibular canals injected with 10 mL of contrast medium had retrograde flow to the position of PM4, suggesting this method may be a useful alternative technique for nerve block for the more rostrally located cheek teeth. The location of the mental foramen was consistently found in the distal third of the interdental space (approximately 60–80% of the distance between the distal aspect of the lateral corner incisor and the mesial aspect of the second premolar).     

蒙古绵羊胚胎胚中轴的形成

蒙古绵羊胚胎胚中轴的形成,对各器官系统的发生起着定向发育的作用。原条最初发生于交配后12天23时47分。从胚盘后结开始外胚层表面的中线加厚並向前延伸形成原条。随后,原结、原沟、原窝、头突及神经板相继出现。原条是胚中轴发生的基础。交配后13时5分,原窝底部的头突向前延伸形成管索管。交配后14天15时,脊索在内外胚层间形成空心的脊索管。脊索管的底部与内胚层融合。进而消失开口于卵黄囊,形成临时性的神经肠管。脊索是胚胎椎柱形成的中轴。胚胎的第1对体节,发生于交配后15天3时20分。交配后15天15时35分为3对体节(图1),交配后16天14时3分,已出现6对体节(图2)。此时,体节两侧的间中胚层及侧扳分界清楚。胚内体腔仅见于前肠两侧。体节的发生是胚胎的骨骼、肌肉、及尿殖系统等对称发育的基础。早期的神经扳,大约发生于交配后14天2时20分。当胎胚发育到16天14时3分,神经沟两侧的神经皱逐渐在背中线吻合,形成神经管。神经管是胚体未来中抠神经系统的原基。交配后14天5时至16天14时5分,绒毛膜呈长囊状,长约35cm。卵黄管呈细长的管状,长约30cm。羊膜随胚体发育,比胚体稍宽大。尿囊呈半月形囊,发生于胚胎的后肠。     

渠道水力最优断面的程序设计及绘图

利用ActiveX Automation技术将Visual BASIC与AutoCAD链接，实现了常用渠道的水力最优断面设计及绘图的自动化，可明显提高渠道设计及绘图的工作效率。     

Endoscopic anatomy of the cervical vertebral canal in the horse: a cadaver study

Reason for performing study: Localisation of spinal cord compression in horses with cervical vertebral stenotic myelopathy is inexact. Vertebral canal endoscopy has been used in man to localise spinal cord lesions and has the potential to become a useful diagnostic technique in horses. Objective: To establish a surgical approach via the atlanto‐occipital space to the cervical vertebral canal in equine cadavers and describe the endoscopic anatomy of the cervical epidural and subarachnoid spaces. Methods: The cadavers of 25 mature horses were used to assess 3 surgical methods to approach the cervical vertebral canal, including 2 minimally invasive and one open technique. Once the approach had been made, a flexible videoendoscope was inserted into the epidural space (epiduroscopy) or the subarachnoid space (myeloscopy) and advanced caudally until the intervertebral space between C7 and T1 was reached. Results: The epidural and subarachnoid spaces could not be accessed reliably using the minimally invasive techniques. Furthermore, damage to the nervous tissues was a frequent complication with these procedures. The open approach allowed successful insertion of the videoendoscope into the epidural and subarachnoid spaces in all horses and no inadvertent damage was observed. Anatomical structures that could be seen in the epidural space included the dura mater, nerve roots, fat and the ventral internal vertebral venous plexus. In the subarachnoid space, the spinal cord, nerve roots, blood vessels, denticulate ligaments and external branch of the accessory nerve were seen. Conclusions: Using the open approach, epiduroscopy and myeloscopy over the entire length of the cervical vertebral canal are possible in the mature horse. Potential relevance: Cervical vertebral canal endoscopy may become a valuable tool to localise the site of spinal cord injury in horses with cervical vertebral stenotic myelopathy and could aid in the diagnosis of other diseases of the cervical spinal cord.     

川西粉质黏土-衬砌接触面冻结强度规律研究

为揭示川西灌渠粉质黏土-衬砌接触面间冻结强度规律,针对川西地区灌渠渠基土开展了冻结作用下冻结温度、冻结时间、初始含水率、法向荷载4种影响因素在不同条件下的剪切试验。结果表明:接触面间峰值抗剪强度与冻结温度、初始含水率变化呈负相关,与冻结时间、法向荷载变化呈正相关。此外,利用正交分析,揭示了4种因素对峰值抗剪强度影响的显著性,结果显示:法向荷载对峰值抗剪强度影响最显著,初始含水率、冻结温度次之,冻结时间影响不显著。试验成果可为川西灌渠冻胀稳定性及相关工程研究提供依据。     

Impregnation of radiata pine wood by vacuum treatment II: effect of pre-steaming on wood structure and resin content

Radiata pine sapwood and heartwood were dried using high-temperature, conventional-temperature, and air drying schedules with and without pre-steaming. They were then impregnated by vacuum treatment with double-distilled water, toluidine blue, and fluorescein dye. For sapwood, there were only minor differences in uptake between drying methods and when pre-steaming was used. Using microscopy, the primary flow pathways in sapwood were found to be the resin canal network and ray parenchyma cells, which provided conduction without large resistance. In heartwood, uptake was strongly influenced by pre-steaming the green lumber. After pre-steaming heart-wood, there was an increase in uptake from all surfaces but especially from the radial surfaces. Lower extractive contents, disruption of epithelial and ray parenchyma cells, and alteration of the condition of bordered pits were also associated with pre-steaming. It was therefore possible to classify flow paths in radiata pine heartwood five ways, according to uptake values and wood anatomical features.This research was presented in part at the 48th annual meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Shizuoka, April 1998.     

污水处理溪流式生物接触氧化法研究Ⅰ装置、方法、载体与工艺

溪流式生物接触氧化法是利用合流制排水沟渠处理污水的新技术。通过室内试验和实际模型试验,对溪流式生物接触氧化法的工艺、处理效率、抗冲刷能力、生物载体等进行了试验研究,结果表明,用该法对污水的处理效率达到了一般生物膜法的水平,投资和运行费用大大降低。